Machine



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6 SHEETS SHEET 1.

No. 18,175. PATENTED SEP'I'. 15, 1857.

T. ALDEN. TYPE SBTTING MACHINE.

PATBN'TED sEPT. 15, 1857.

T. ALDEN. TYPE SETTING MACHINE.

`e sanam-SHEET 4.

PATBNTBfi'EPT. 15. 1857.

T. ALDEN. TYPE SETTING MACHINE.

a suma-SHEET 5.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

TIMOTHY ALDEN, OFNEV YORK, N. Y.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 18,175, dated September 15, 18 57.

To all wtom it may concern:

Be it known that I, TIMOTHY ALDEN, of Nei York, county of New York, and State of New York, have inventedv certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Setting'and Distributing Types; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference bein g-mad'e to the Aannexed drawings, making a part of this specification, which are fully described and referred to by letter herein'f-that is to In order to a clear comprehension of those' parts while being described in detail, I propose to give in the first instance a general description of the invention.

In the drawings accompanying, Figure lis a top View or plan of my machine. Fig; 2 is a transverse vertical section thereof on the line A B of Fig. 1, looking toward the back. Fig; 3 is a Vertical section on the line D C of Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a top or plan View of the parts below the bed or floor of, the machine,

that floor being removed. Fig. 5 is a Vertical section on the line E F of Fig. 1'.` Fig. 6`is a like section on the line G H of Fig. 1,both of these being as seentoward the front. The other figures are all of parts in detail and are fully referred to in their appropriate places. A Similar letters indicate like parts in all-the figures.

My machine may be. properly set forth under three general heads or divisions, viz:

first, the mechanism for conveying the type to and from the type-cases and composing and distributi ng tables, including the arran ge-' mcnt of the type-cases; second, the mechanism for distributing the type in connection with the aforosaidneans, and, third, the mechanisn for setting. the type in connection with said first-named' means. The type is carried .from one place to another upon the edge of a' wheel kept in constant rotation by some suitable power independent of the attendant upon the machine. This wheel is supported in a horizontal position above a suitable bedplate or table, a plan View of Which is semicircular, or, rather, of a horseshoe, form, as

in Fig. 1, the carrying-Wheel being seen at- J.

Around the circular part of the table'are ar-v ranged the type-cases K,being a scries'of narrow channels-each of the width of a type I and pointing toward the center of the type-carrying Wheel, the inner ends of the channels termin ating near the circumference of said Wheel. The type-cases embrace about two-thirds of the carrying-wheel. The square part ofthe bed-plate forms a table, upon which stands the mechanism for distributing and composing, in connection with the type-carrying wheel, the right-hand'half of said table being occupied by the former and the left-hand by the' latter. lUpon the extreme left is the galley M, wherein the type as fast as set up into lines is formed into column, immediately adjoining Which is a series of keys L, consisting of buttons the shanks of which pass vertically through the table and actuate av series of levers and wires leading' to the inside of the carrying-wheel, where they elfect the set of the indicators by which the proper type is 4 taken fromliits case and brought round to the setting-table, where. they are` deposited in a channel f and fed along toward the galley to be formed intocolumn. On the opposite side of the table is another galley or bed W to' hold the column of dead matter or typeto be distributed. .At the head of the galley is a channel a, which terninates at about the center of the table and near to the periphery of the carrier-Wheel and tangent to said Wheel. By the operation of suitable mechanism as a line of type is taken off thefco'lunn .that line is'forced along the channelfj'toward the carv rier, so that as the type is picked'oif and dis-v tributed thecolumn is fed up'andanother z line taken off, and so on until the-'Whole is distributed into the cases.

The manner in Which the type is distributed, so that the proper case it is to go into can be indicated, is cffccted by a system of nicks upon the slank of the type itself, whereby-before leaving the channel and being taken up 'by the conveyerI on the carrying-wheel certain parts are set in a given position, which indicates the proper case into which tle type is to be deposited, so that the wheel holds onto the type until by its revolution the type arrives opposite the mouth of the appropriate channel of the set of cases first mentioned, when it i s deposi-ted therein, the type maintainingalways its erect position.

Upon the face of the carrying-wheel are two sets of conveyersc and d, one set (Z being for distributing' only and one c for setting. These are plates so constructed and fixed to the carrying-wheel that while the latter has a constant and unvarying motion the former may be permitted to stop for a period and then go on with the wheel and also to overtake and reassume their former position.

On each conveyer is a pair of fingers to grip the type, and also certain parts which effect the opening and closing of the same, together with means for thrusting the type out of the conveyer. The times for'opening and closing the fingers for taking the type and for thrusting the type out are governed by two sets of mechanism. In the ease of distributingthis is accomplished automatically, andis determined, as before remarked, by the nicks on the type; but in setting it is governed according to the will of the compositor, who plays upon the keys. These conveyers are arranged around the carrier alternately--tl e., first asetting-conveyer and next a dstrilnting-conveyer, &c. There may be .eight or ten, or even more, of each kind to the wheel. These conveyers, when the machine is both composing and distributing, stop twice at each revolution of the carryingwheel, as'follows: The distributing-conveyers always stop at the end 'of the channel a, leading from the column of type being distributed, and, having taken a type, stop again at the proper channel .in the cases K for the letter they carry. The composing-conveyers stop at the channel indieated by the c ompositor through the keys,"and' stopv again to deposit their types at the mouth of the channel f, leading 'to the column on the galley. My machine has also this peculiar characteristicviz., that the compositor can compose ahead or faster than the type is delivered by. the wheel. There is a twofold object for this.

` The one is that the carrying-Wheel shall have a constant and unvarying motion without regard to any exact-ness of time in the compositor,s playing of the keys; second, by being able to' compose ahead he is relieved from so constant attention to the copy, and may have intervals of time to look occasionally to see to the correct working of the distributfing part, as also to justify his lines and set the same into column upon the galley, besides alfordinga certain amount of physical relief.

The continuous revolution of the carryingwheel is therefore elfccted by an independent power of suit-able character, and the speed of the same is to be suchas to allow1 of 'the necessary tine for the conveyers to operate.

The first division: Under this head will be described the mechanism for conveying the type from place to place, the arrangement and construction of the type-cases, with the mode of deliveringand receiving the type in those, together with the v'arious devices for indicating what types are to be thus deliveredand received in the process of composing and distributing. The type is carried to and from the cases upon the edge of a constantly-rotating wheel moving horizontally upon a central axis. This wheel (represented at J in the several figures) is not supported by its axis, the pin kg, forming said'axis, being merely to keep the carrier accurately'in a central position. As'the types are conveyed upon the circumference of the wheel by distinct conveyers, it is fitted to support them in the following manher: A frame is formed by the add. 'ion of a metal ring of the same diameter as the wheel J, and to which it is attached by a series of bars or pillars, thus leaving a space between the two sufficient for introducing the conveyers. This ring is shown in section at fs, Figs. 2 and 3,in connection with the wheel J. The wheel J is supported by this ring, thelower side of which has a bead or rail fitting into bearers fastened to the table. These, to ieduce friction, ought to be rollers, an examp' of which is. given -in F-ig. 23; Three or fon. such bearer-s are sufficient if placed at equal distances apart at different points of the ring. The wheel J is made 'to revolve by a toothed circle screwed to the under side of the arms,

'as at hin-to which a pinion k-works, and which is driven from beneath by being geared to the main shaft S, as seen in Fig. 3. The conveyers, which form an essential part of the typecarrying apparatus, are attached to the wheel so as to occupy the space between the ring f5 and the rim of J. The general shape of these is that of a square plate slightly curved, a front View' being givenin Fig. 20 and a top view in Fig. 19, as well as in several other figures. One of these in Fig 20 (via, c) carries the type for setting and the other (Via, d) carries those which are being distributed. There is aslight difference required in the construction of the two on account of the one being to receive type from the cases, while the other is to deposit them therein. In other respects both are required to go vthrough the same set of motions upon the carrier. These motons are of two kinds. The one is at slight vibratory or rocking motion upon a center pin by,

which the plates are attached to the wheel, said pin standing vertically, and a second a reciprocating or sliding motion in the direction of the circumference of the wheel. understand the object of these motions, a description of the mechanism of the conveyers will be necessary, and first the mechanism for gripping the type. This is formed of two principal pieces, the onestatio'nary and the other`movable, the two'combinerl forming the cavity into which the type is placed for being carried.` The stationary-piece is placed near the, upper right hand corner of the plate, as in qs, Figs. 19 and 20, and forms a projection beyond' the face of the plate c or d. In the recess thus formed the type is placed, resting at the same time upon a small foot 4 yi, Fig. 20. The other or movable piece is a bolt lying horizontally and playing back and forth, so

that one end may strike against the projec- -tion q. This bolt is seen at 0, and thus when a type is placed against qi' it may be brought up against the type, which is done by the force of a spring, and this constitutes the gripper or finger before mentioned. In the oonveyer d, Fig. 20, this bolt is shown closed against qi' and on c it is shown withdrawn, while in section No. 5 of Fig. 19 it is repre-- `aeted as grasping a type and in section No.

`Bfwith'ou't a type. The vwithdrawing of thel bolt away. from the fixed surface is effected by a cam-piece placed at the proper position upon the table and which strikes a cranked levei upon the conveyer as the latter is carried by on the wheel. The cranked lever is shown at t, Fig. 20, the upper end being attached to the back end of the bolt, as shown. The lower end, lies nearly parallel with the bottom of the plate, and has a short toe turned down to strike the inclined surface of the cam, which is shown at ui. The conveyerd shows the finger as closed; 'but as the wheel J moves onward in the direction of vthe arrow, when the' toe of the cranked lever strikes 11.5, the

bolt will be withdrawn, as shown, by conveyer' c, which has just 'passed by 'uf'. When the bolthas been withdrawn, it must be kept so until the conveyer has' arrived at the place where it. is to take-a type. As before remarked,-it fiies shut by the force of a spring ss.

Therefore a latch is provided which catches ina notch 005 in the `bolt and thus retains it open.` This latch is shown at 2:5 lying across the bolt and ,standing vertically. It is kept constantly pressing upward by a spring, so that the moment the notch in the bolt has passed byto a sufficient distance the latch will ily up and take into the notch mfi. So soon as a type has been deposited upon the conveyer the latch must be disengaged, and for ,this purpose the upper end is beveled, so that a projecting pin y6 upon the wheel J, passing by at that moment, throws down the latch and allows the boltto spring forward against the type and grip it firmly in place. There is now 'to be described the means for discharging the type from theeonveyers. vUpon the gripping end of each of these there is a plate x, attached nearly at right 'angles to the face,`as in Fig. 19, and along the inner side of this isasliding'piece or pusher having a forked end, the two points of which project through to the front, as shown at zi', Figs. 19 and 20.v lVhen a type is in lthe grippers, the ends are drawn back flush with the face-plate; but when the type is to be discharged these ends are pushed forward from behind, and thus'thrownout. The object of having two or forked e'nds'is in order that the type may be thrust off in its perpendicular position. The manner of working the pusher lstriking the tail hs, and by thrusting it forward carries the pusher 25 Iwith it, thus throwing off the type directly into the type-channel.

Section No. 4 of Fig. 19 shows the act of depositing a type in its appropriate case. The cam da consists of a movable bar placed in a groove on the upper edge of the wheel J, as shown in topV view in Figs. 1 and 19.and in edge View in Fig. 20. It is keptjconstantly pressing forward by the springs e and is made movable because at certain times its beveled ends must be able to pass by h6 without striking, for at the-moment previous tothe conveyer receiving a type it has received an onward motion which, would carry hpastthe cam,l and thus, unless kept out of the way, the typel would encounter-the ends of the pusher, and then could not be 'received upon the conveyer. To effect that notion the .inner end ofthe bar-d6 has a toe projecting downward and.

which rides over a fixed cam d7, Fig. 193, placed on the inside stationary excavated ring at the ;1j proper point to accomplish the object, and which point willbe hereinafter described. The above method of discharge refers to the distributing-con veyer. The setting one is slightly-- .difierenn in that the'piece d6' does not efiect this object, but the type isdischarged by a lever placed in a stationary position, because. a setting-conveyer must always discharge its type at one point-wiz., at 'the galleytable and into the channelf, Fig. 1. At u, Fig. 1,

this discharging-lever is shown. It is a4 rightangled piece centered at vo to the permanent.

insideA excavated ring, yet tebe. describedi The bent end passes through a hole in said ring, so that by a forward-movement given to it at the moment when the gripper ofa setting-conveyer is at the mouth e of the channel f the end ub' will strike the back end of the pusher as, Figs. 20 and 21, and thrust it- .forward, thereby causing the points'at the front to push the type off, when it will be received in the 'mouth e o f the channel. The settingconveyer has, however, a plate b6, which is to; operate another pusher not i nthe distributing'- conveyer at all, and the operation of this pusher is connected with the method of receiving a type from a case. It is shown at a on c in Fig. 20, and it is also shown in dotted lines in Fig. 21.\ The point cfwould in this have to be transferred to through a?, as

now be described. v The necessity for the two' motions given to the conveyers as they are carried round by J, as already mentioned, grows out of the fact that inasmuch as the carrier ,has a regular and unvarying motion the type'could not with any certainty be deposited upon the conveyer Were it carried around in like manner; hen'cewhile receiving or delivering a type the conveyer comes to a positive stop long enough to acconplish the purpose. Thus it lags behind for a moment, as beforeremarked; 'but so soon as the type is taken or discharged .i tgoes on and overtakes 'its first position upon the Wheel. The conveyers are placed in the space between the upper rim of J and the ring f, and their width is such that they fill that space. The .lower edge rests upon thi-s ring, and they are keptfrom falling out by a bolt or pin which passes through the rim of the wheel and the ring below and also through boxes in the back of the conveyers. These pins are shown at W, Figs. 19, 20, and 21 and elsewhere, and

they do not pass through Circular holes in the.

wh cel o r ring, but through elongated apertu res or slotsjfi, Fig. 19. It is thus seen howa conveyer inay be permitted to stop for a moment while the Wheel is in motion, for if a pin hi' be at the forward end of a slot its conveyer may stop during the time it takes for the wheel to travel over a space equal to the length ofthe slot. This length is therefore determined by the time it is required to take or deposit a type, in connection with a given speed of wheel, within a certain limited ex- Theother motion ofthe conveyer is aV tent. vibrating or rocking one upon the pin hi' as an axis. The opposite endsy of theconveyer in vibrating approach and recede from the face of the Wheel. The,face-plate of. a eonvcyer, as already mentioned,is slightly curved, which curve coincdes with the edge 'of J, as in Fig. 19, and When the conveyers are moving along with the same their positionis such that the two curves are concentric, as in section Nos. l and 7 of Fig. 19. As the open ends of the type-channels stand a little distance away from the conveyers, it is necessary before a type can be delivered or taken away from the same that the grippers be made to approach so near that the type cannot escape from passing from the one to the other. To 'do this, then, is one object for the rocking movement ofthe conveyer upon the pin h.

'in Figil, at .section K, of type-cases, a setting-conveyer is represented with tlie-gripper end projected out'ward, joining the end of a channel, and is in the act of receiving a type.

The moment When a distribnting-conveyerV shall project its 'gripperend. forward to re ceive or deliver 'a type is governed by the distributin g mechanism, bein g automatic or selfoperating, and for the setting-conveyers by the action of thecompositor. The conveycrs are made 'to vibrate back and forth by the action of springs upon their inside'sur-I faces, so arranged that the same spring both throws out thev gripper end and also causes it to return. This will be illustrated by Fic; 19, where a feather-spring Z5 is fastened to the column g, so that its free end Will press upon the back of the conveyerat thatpartwhere it is made thicker to form a hole for the bolthi' to pass through. As the conveyer, with this bolt, slides along the Wheel to the extent. of the slotf', the point of pressure of the spring is transferred from one end of the piece upon -which it presses to the other, and in doing so transfers -its action to opposite sides of the bolt hi. In section No. 2 it Will be seen that the position of the conveyer is such on the carrier-wheel that the bolt 71,'5 is ati` the err-, tremeforward end of the slot f. ln that position the spring 25 rests against the extreme end of the plate upon. Which it travels and at the farthest distance from the bolt on-that side; hence its force is exert-ed to throw out the gripper end of the conveyer. ever, is prevented by the opposite end pressing by its indicator-points (a part not yet described, bu t Which are shown at 05, Fig. 10) against vthe surface of the excavated ring ms, also yet to be described. As the Wheel goes on a placeis reached, where there is anexcavation in the ring conforming to the set of the said points, and ,accordingly they sink into it, as there is no f'urther resistance tojthe spring, and thus the gripper end is thrown-1- ou't, Which can only be done When said grip-.-V per will be opposite to some spot where it is; to take or deliver a typ e.- At such point the conveyer is caught byastationary hook which strikes against aprojecting piccegf', Figsi20, 22, 23, and 24, and its furtheronward motionis thereby arrested. These hooks may be seen atcx, Figs. 1, 22,'23, and 2%,- there being one at the-mouth of each type-channel. Being thus held vfast and the Wheel continuing on, the bolt hs will slide along the slot jl, sections No." 4, 5,- and G of Fig. 19 showing different stagesof the progress along it. At No. 6 it has .traverscd the whole length, and the spring will then be seen pressing on the opposite side of the bolt to that in Section No. 2, and hence the force is directed to throw the indicating end out and the gripping end inward, which vit acoordingly does, andthe conveyer, being.

thereby released from the detaining-'hook a: pa, continues on With the carrier-wheel, having in this interval either' taken or discharged a typef lhe excavated ring and indicator-points on the conveyer will be described together, as they act in conjunction. The first'is abroad iiat ring of moderate thick ness, and is of such diameter and width that when secured in This, how-V lain; t:

place upon the table it shall fit just within degrees of length and after a certain order,

but having an irregular general appearance, as shown in Fig. 20. The conveyers are placed 'upon the carrier-wheel so as to stand opposite to th'e line of excav'ati'ons, as in Fig. 20. The indicator-points are pieces 'fixed to the con-V veyers on the end opposite to that of the grippers. They are a series of separate pieces of pointedmetal, and are attached tothe end plate by pins and as represented in Fig. 10

at 05. f The 'points'project toward and are inftended to press into the groove's in lth'e ring' ms, a 'section of which is also Shown. The points o5 are not' pinned c rigidly to the con-' jveyen'fbut must be able to have movement.

Each one is therefore provided with a friotion-piece to cause thenr'to stand in any p0 sition that may be` given to them. On the ring there are two grooves toeach i ndicatingpoint. Thus on Fig. 12 eighteen grooves are shown, while in Fig. 10 there are nine indicat'orap'oints exhibited, and it is .by shifting these 'points lso that they will track into these different grooves according to a set given them at a definite starting 'pointthat the proper indications are formed for .depositing and taking the type from the cases. In every revolution of a conveyer. it passes aplace on f the excavated ring where these points receive a'sje't, which may be called a 'zero, and from which place a new set is given for a difierent type than the one previously carried, or, in fact, even if it is to carry againa second type of the same character as the former one. This is accomplished by placing a row of inclined planes in each alternate groove, as shown at g7, Fig. 12. Beginning at the bottom they are numbered 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4,-3, 2, 1, and theintermediate grooves are represented by 0. As each indicator-point has two grooves into 'lwhjich'it may play, some may have been previoulyput into the grooves 0 and some al- A lowedl to remain in those bearing the numbers 9, 8,- -'jZ ,1`-&c.; butit is intended that at eachrevolution all the points shall be set so that there shall be one point bearingin each of the-grooves 0 and nonein the others. Suppose that as a 'conveyer approaches (which it will in the direction of the arrow) all its points had been previously set by the indicator, so that they rested in the grooves 9, 7,

6, 5, 4, 3, 2,, 1, respectively. All these pointsv would be intercepted Vby the inclined planes ;37, and as .the surfaces of these incline up- 'ward the points would slide up and they all Would be turned on their pivots and set so as to ride into the grooves O-thatis to say, the point in groove9 would be turned into l9, point in No. 8 into 8,'&c., throughout.

The indicators are a device for afterward shifting these po-ints'or ;a portion of themr back again from groove 0 to those marked by the numbers 9,-8, 7, &c. Suppose an eXcavation in the ring, which would be indicated by merely shifting one of the points, allowing all the others to remain as they are-as, for example, from l90 to 9. This would be performed by the indicator acting only upon such point to effect its transferrence. These indicators are snall inclined planes precisely like those already described and project through the ring into the'chaunels in the same; but there is this difference, that they are movable instead of being fi x`ed, as 'the others are, in order that they canbe withdrawn belowthe surface of a groove. In fact, 'intheir lnormal'position they are all below suchsurface. 'Secondly, they occupy also or act within each alternate groove, but are .sit-

fuated in the grooves O, as seen at e7, and their inclined surfaces project downward, the reverse 'of ygi, as shown. Each indicator 4e7 is attached -to a plate (ll, which is pivoted at.. one end, and all are secured .to the inside ofthe excavated ring. There are two sets of in-. dicators in 'the ring. One set is acted upon automatically by the distributing mechanism and the other by thecompositor. As by the stationary inclined pla-nos g7 allthe indicatorpoints are shifted into the grooves 0,'so by the indicators e7 may' they all be shifted from said grooves 0 to those numbered 9, 8, 7, 6, tc. By suitable mechanism any of 'these indicators may bemoved forward so as to iop- .be seen that the lower three are projecteftf-l forward'and'have acted upon the threelower indioatorlpoints and have transferred then from 9, 8", 7 to 9, 8, and 7 3 and if, for in'- stance, that be the indication for the letter a the. conveyer Would move on until it arrived at the case or-- channel containing said letter, Where would be found excavations in the ring suitable ito allow all the points to sink in, as shown in Fig. .10^,- when the conveyer would 'be immediately arrested and the type taken or deposited according as itwas a setting ordistributing conveyer acted upon,

` as already described.

Before a conveyer lcan receive a type or deposit one the bolt h, on which it turns, must always be in the 'advancing end of the slot j, or as shown in Fig. 19, section No. 1, because while doing so thel conveyer must stop, and' the carrying-wheel `by continuing its motion slides, as it were, past lthe'conveyer, that having been arrested by a fixed stop :v m, Fig-1. To regain its former position at the head ofthe slot, there is a curved sliding bar fixed on the inside of the excava'ted ring, as seen at96,Figs'. 1 and 3. At one end a spring o6 constantly pushes it in the direction in which the carrier J revolves,

and upon the top of this bar there are two pawis p" and pli, Fig. 1, situated a short distance apart. The points of these project forward through slots cut at this place in the e veavated ring. The bar has its return motion against the force of t-he spring given to it by it is permitted to do with considerable speed'v by the abrupt angie of the cam at this place. The movement of this part is so timed with vthat of the wheel J that a conveyer is always in position to receive the action of the two pawis at the moment the cam j releases the bar. Asthe speed of the barin aforwarddirection is much greater than that of the carrier J, the points of the pawis p drive forward the convcyer to the forward end of the slots again. These pawis act like latches, the points being always pressed forward by a spring. Thus as they interfere with the eonveyer on -returning to take a new one, the point as it strikes any obstruction retreats and springs4 out again so soon as it has passed over the projecting` edge of the conveyer, at wlich moment the cam releases the spring 06, and thus itis carried forward again, taking the conveyer with it. These two pawis are situated at the front part of the machine.

The mouths of the distributing and setting channels a and f are quite near to each other, and it is intendedthat the firstof these pawis shall push forward all the conveyers before they arrive at the mouths of either channel, while the second pawl is situated so as te act upon all the conveyers after they have passed vby said channels. From what has been said before the necessity for this is obvious, for as each conveycr has in passing round the whole circuit stop ped -at some ;type-case, ei ther This is. done by the Iirst of the pawis 170 and the bar f/L'i- A type-setting conveyer c, Fig. 1, having in its circuit received a type, must be advanced, in order that it may stop to deliver it. lt is shown as just in the act ofbeing advanced by the pawl 236,'ivl1ich will take place when j leaves 7st. It is now supposed as having arrived at the mouth c and delivered its typo. By this act it has again traveled to the back end of the slot, as shown,and at this moment the sliding bar again moves forward 'and the second pawl p pushes'it to the head of its slot once more. Thus by one movement of the bar two eonveyers are advanced, one preparatory to action and the other subsequently thereto. l-y an finspeclion of Fig. i, it will be seen that all the convcyers before they reach the type-cases are in the forward ends of theirslots, but on leavingare all in' the back ends thereof.

The type cases or dcpositories may be divided into three classes: first, for the regular type; second, for the irregular, and, third, for the excess. The regular cases are to receive the type ordinarily employed. The irregular are intended to contain such type as are but seldom used, including the thin or justifying spaces, and which are to be put into the lines, by hand. The third is a provision whereby,'in case the distributing part has continued so. long that the regular depositories are filled, the excess may be received ler'e. These last cases, therefore, will receive proniscuously any type presented by a convcyer, whereas in the regular cases none but the correct type can be deposiled. The regular type-cases are narrow channels formed by setting' up upon a flatbed 7LT two plates, forming parallel sides. One of these sides is comparative-iy thick 'and rigid, while the other may be thinner. The'space between theseis wide enough to receive the type flatwise, and therefore they dilfer in width to suit the 'different letters. The inner end, or where the types are received and discharged, is of a pcculiar shape, and is fitted to partially close the opening, in order to prevent thclype falling out, as well as to readily receive the same.

In Fig. 92* is a top view of a type-channel, i? being the thick side. At the mouth thisis beveled inward, as shown, whilethe opposite or thin plate is bent asa spring, forming a little within a narrow throat. li willbe seen that so `soon as a type is thrust past this it will be so secured within the channel that it cannot fall out, except by the action of a positive force. A certain number of such channels are arranged upon a bed-plate and placed so ,that they radiate from the axis of the wheel the regular cases, and when anything' there-- in is to be used the compositor must pick it out by hand. The case for the excess isa channel. (Shown at Q.) Itsmouthhas adif-- ferent formation from that of the regular cases, (as it does not deliver type,) and it is intended ,to open'and thrust along the types by a positive motion. This only receives type from the distributing-conveyers, and hence it does' nothave provision for efecting discharge to a conveyer. All the regular cases botl receive and dischargc tvne. The chan- 'nelP may beto some extent considered as an irregular case, since it has no provision for delivering type onto a conveyer. Its use is to receive only quadrats, and in this view it is, in fact, a regular' case; but as these type are inserted by the hand of the compoitor when required in the lines -and are never brought by a conveyer it needs only provision for receiving, and therefore this channel' is situated, as shown, near to the hand of the operator.

In receiving a type into the 'regular cases the provision for thrnsting it in is upon the conveyer,-but the discharging is efected by a separate mechanism attached to each channel, as follows: ln thechannel back of the line of type there is a block which nrcsses squarely up against the rear one. This block is propelled forward by a rack-and-pawl feed.

In Figs. 22, 23, and 242 are enlarged sections of a portion of the type-bed. At k7 is shown the block just named, atifT the `ratchct and the pawl at mT. The pawl is affixed to the top end of a pendulun-lever standing vertically and having its lower end weighted at 'nl. Below the bed h7 there lies a rod 197, the back end of which abnts against the lever 11.7, while its forward end projects alittle beyond the inner opening of a type-channel.

In Fig. 22 a setting-conveyeris represented as having stopped to receive a type. On the conveyer there will be seen at d6 a small bolt, constituting a pusher, just touching the end- 0f the rod, and to the inner end of this bolt is attached the swinging plate b6, already described under Fig. 21. As the carrier J moves along, the point of the slide d6 will strike the top point he of the swinging plate and push it forward. This also pushes out a", thus thrusting back the rod 1F and end n? of the lever. The pawl, taking into the ratchet, pushes that in the 'contrary direction or toward the conveyer, and thus thrusts the whole line of type forward the distance necessary to push one into the grippers upon the conveyer. By this time the latter has moved along its slot so far as to cause the tilting-sp'ring Z, Fig. 19, to act upon the opposite side of the bolt and throw in the gripper end of the conveyer, whereby it is disengaged from the stationary hook x cc, and the whole goes on with the carrier-Wheel, including the type. The weight '227 now causes the lever to withdraw the pawl and push in the rod 197 as at first, and as shown in Fig. In every return ofv the pawl its acting end is lifted and kept clear of the ratchet by having its' curved end brought into contact with the edge of the rim 1'7, Fig. 23. The reason for this is that it must be out of the way, when the depositing of a type takes place from a d istri bu ti n g-conveyer.

channels for the letter 'x, while one would sufce for theletter a, &c. v

The operation' of a conveyer is such that it always stops at the first channel (where there are several having` letters of the lsame name) and takesy from that (or deposits therein, as the case maybe) until it is emptied or filled. It-will then go on to the next, &c. ln distributing, then, a con veyer will carry all the letter a and begin to fi'll, say, the first channel, 1.- lhen that is filled, it will go on to the next and fill that, and so on, and in case there are still more a's than the channels de'voted to that letter can hold the conveyer will continue all round and finallydeposit it in the channel of excess Q, as before na'med, which will therefore receive ev'ery letter which cannot be gotj into its proper channel. The setting-conveyers will in like manner draw from the first channel until empty, and then go on to the next of that set, and where by chance the whole of a letter has given out the conveyer will come round empty, but will stop at the composing-channel just the same as if it had a letter to deliver. These results are accomplished by means of a device attached to each'channel, the eifcct of which is to prevent the 'gripping endof the conveyer from tilting forward when it comes opposite to the mouth of a channel at which it cannot act-as, for instance, a setting-conveyer has been set to indicate the letter a thel moment it arrived at the first of the series of channels containing that letter, the indicating-points would drop into the excavation in the ring proper for said letter. Now if that channel .were empty, by means of the. mechanism to be described the conveyerwould be prevented fr'om tilting forward, and consequently could not be engaged by the detaining-hook w w. It would therefore pass to the next, and if letters were there it would be allowed to come into action. The -sane' would occur with a distributing-conveyer. If the case were full, it would go on to the next, and if all were full it would come round `and deposit it in the channel Qof excess., v' i At sT, Fig. 22, is a lever supported out'of its center, so that the inner "end is longer than the outer. Thus that longer end will always fall by reason of its greater weight.y Directly over the shorter end is suspended a pendulum-lever 157, called so because it is free to swing back and forth, having its lower end heaviest. The top of this lever stands alongside of the ratchet ll, as shown. On its lower end two notches are formed, the notch on the back being higher thanthat on the front, and between these the bottom of the lever is cut square.y In the extreme end of .97 there is a pin w?, and there is also a like pin-at V.eachoi' the endsof the ratchet-piece 1/7 and a'. -The natural position of the pendulunlover 157 is to hane: vertically, and when in that position the pin in? will be caught under the square cnd, as in Fig. 22, the opposite end of Vs7 being then kept elcvated.

Upon the front edge of the ring f-i there is a tripping-cam. (Shown at e7, Figv 90.) This, as it is carried round by the ring, will strike the inner ends of all the levers sT and lift the'm, they dropping again after ithas passed. This horizontal level' has. three positions the firsl', as seen in Fig. 22, when the pin i u' rests on the bottom of the pendulum ft; the second, When the pin wT rests in the back notewh, as in Fig. 23, and the third, when the pin w' rests in the front notch of 157, as in Fig. 24. vThe penduluin t7 having therefore,

three positions, these effect the `giving off by or the receiving of Itype into the channels. X'Vhen the lever 57 stands as in Fig. 22, type may be-e'ither taken from or received bv the channel; when asin Fig: 23, type may be taken from bu t cannotbe received bythe channel, because it is then quite full, and when as in Flgri, the channel being empty, a settng-conveyermust not slop there, though a dstrbutng one may. As the distributiugconveyerdeposits the last type that a channelcan contain it pushes thereby the ratchet Z' back so far that the pin a strikes the top of the pendulum t? and moves it'back, thus allo'wing the pin 107 to fall into the back notch, F g. 23. lThe front end of 57 will then stand directly opposite to a projecting point placed upon all the distributing-conveyers at ,27, and thus a conveyer having a proper type for that channel will not belable to tilt forward to attempt its deposit by reason of the interference of the lever si, as in Fig. 23.

VVhen a channel is empty, the settingcon- Veyer will bc prevented from stopping by the pin y? striking the pendulum in the opposite side, and thus the pin 107 will fall into-the inside lower noich. This will support the lever s`T in another position, and in so doing it will be opposite to a projection as on all the setting-conveyers, as in Fig. 24, but 'will not interfere with lthe projections on the distributing-conveyers. The lifting of the inner ends ofthe lever .97 is to allow of the shifting of the pin @07 to the different notches in the pendulum, according to circumstances.

When the setting and ditributing go on regularly together, the types are so proportioned that ,they are taken yfrom and deposited in the cases so as to keep those properly supplied, and therefore the usual position of the stop-lever s7 is that shown in Fig. 22, and in that it is clear of either of the projections just named.

As before remarked, when a type cannot be deposited in its appropriate channel or channels it is tebe' carried on and deposited in the channel of excess, and this is accomplished byhaving at that channel such form of excavation in the excavated ring as to allow the conveyers to act upon all combinations of the indicating-points.

The channel Q of excess and that for quadrats P have at their moutls a device for receiving the type from the convcyors, whereby the type is thrust in and the opening is inii ears mediately closed. These are seen at nr* and ng in Fig. l and in detail in Pigs. 28 to 30.

At b8 is a bolt, which is drawn back by a le- Yer e8, worked bya cam on a shaft beneath the table. The cam revolves regularly, being timed to withdraw the boltv as often as a distributing-conveyer has passed. This, however, may not be necessary, since those conveyers may have already deposited their type in its proper channel. If this had been done they will be at the back end of their slotsj5 when approaching the mouth of the channel of excess, and consequently not in a position to deposit therein. When, therefore, one revolution of the cam has withdrawn the bolt, it remains so until atype has been deposited in the mouth, being during that time' locked by a pin c' oii the latch is. At such time the mouth is, in effect, open to receive a type, though in order toprevent the one last pub in from falling out (as, by the jarrin-g of the machine, it might bekapt to) there is a pecef (seen at js) made to slide at a right angle; across it and to remain there until pushed4 away to deposit another type. .Theend of: the latch is terminates under the head of this slide, as seen in dotted lines in Figs. 28 and'V 29. If, now, an approaching conveyer has a type to be deposited, being at the forwardend of its slot, that conveyer will be acted upon by its indicating-points finding a place on the excavated ring, into which they can enter. The type is discharged by the. piece d6, Fig. l, which thrusts it oif, in doing which the slidejS is pushed back, disengaging thereby the pin c' from the bar b8, and this, then, by theforce of the spring' .e8 returns and drives the type into the channel. The cam now-acts again on c8 to withdraw the bar b8, the-slide js returning to its place across the mouth by the force of the spring ZS. The cam below is constantly in action; ,but when the bar b8 i-s withdrawn the lever which acts upon that is at the vextent of its throw, and therefore at that'time only the point of the cam touches.

it at each revolution and without imparting any motion until the bar has been again disengaged. I f, now, the next conveyer is at the back end of its slot, it will pass without disturbing the position of the several parts at the mouth; but if at-the forward end, having a type to deposit, these movements will be repeated, as. described.

The distributing ineclianisin,`being the second head, will now be described. The parts for this occupy, chiefiy, the right-hand side of the table in front of the carrier and typecases, and by inspecting Fig. 1 the principal parts visible may be embraced generally in the space inscribed by the line X E. Opposite to X stands the apparatus for actuating the set of the indicators, thereby determining` the destination of each particular type. The dist-ributing-channel u, will be seen to terminate at the inside corner of its frame. Adjoining this at V is the feeding-table for supporting the column I of type, and to or near which are the several parts for actuating the feed. At 'the lead of the feed-tablethcre is an abutting plate to tle main bed-plate, so as to stand a little distance off, or as seen at the letter y, Figs. v1, 8, and 9, and which forms a portion of the type-channel dl On the inside and parallel to this is the other plate to complete the channel, as at z. This plate is supported above the table lV, andv stands so high as to' allow the column of type to pass beneath its lower edge. Its en ds arc'att-ached to columns a2 in the' same figures, and it can also' be moved to or from the other plate y byv set-screws e2. From this it will be understood that thelinesof type by passing under .z get into the channel from beneath, a whole line being passed up at a time. This is done by a sliding noon-which rises at the proper time, lifts the line, and supports it in that elevated positionuntil the line is exhausted, when the floor descends, a feed of the column takes place, and another line is lifted up into the channel, and so on.

In Fig.` 5 is a section through the line F E of Fig. 1 and justbackof the distributingtable, but showing the parts toward the front of the machine.` In this w3 represents the floor, being a thin plate which stands between the end of W and the fixed channel-piece y. WVhen lowered, its tep edge is flush with the feeding-table and forms a continuation of it.

At e3 aretwo legs, descending below the bed and terminatiug in the frame 03 of Fig. which performsthe raising and lowering. lVhen a line of types has been raised into the channel, they must be fed along toward the place of discharge. This is accomplished by a pushing-ratchet n12, Fig. `1, which is urged forward by the click 92 upon 'a vibrating arm ;92, actuated from beneath by a camfw'Fig. 6, upon the shaft T. There is a coiled spring 02 attached to the end of the ratchet, Which tends always to pull it back. To prevent this there is a check-click lat 112. The throw of the click g2 must constantly vary to feed for type of different thicknesses. The force, therefore, which urges the click .along is a spring pulling upon the arm u2,

Fig. 5, and which keeps the end of the arm constantly pressing upon the cam 102, so that wlen the cavity shown passes by the frictionroller sinks in and a feed is given.. Asa type is thrust from the end of the line, the whole are fed along until the gap left is closed, the 'types then striking against a positive stop.

Thus the depth of the cam is deeper than required for closing up the gap left by discharging the thickest'type. At e2 is a stop for holding the click out of contact with the cam, and thus the feed can at any time be arrested. By moving the lever zz, Fig. 1, back and forth between the tn o holesz' the en gaging and disengaging is effected. `When a line of type has thus. been fed elf, the ratchetjclicks 5/1 and 1)? will be disengagedand the spring e2 allowed to pull the ratchet back and a feed of the whole 'column of type I will ,own weight.

'pin hs.

take place and the next line be elevated into Vhe channel a.. Figs. l, 4, S, and 9 will'be in- Yolved in the explanation of this part. It will bc seen, Fig. l, that the feeding-table lV is of greater width than the column of type represented thcreon. Each side of the table has a gage-plate and the columnis placed to fit'against the plate on one side, while to fill out the space on the opposite one a block g is introduced and fitted so asinot to press or squeeze the type. At the foot of thecolumn tliere is alsoa small block r' and of the samer width, Figs. 1, 8, and 9. Extending lu'ite' over the table is a cross-bar-r, thetwo end's'of 1' whicl are attached to toothed racks 'r' ,lying parallel to the sides of the table, las shown. forking into these racks are two wheels t, (shown in dot-ted lines, Figs. 8 and'9,)` and adjoining which are two ratche't-wh'eels sf. These are all upon. one shaft, Which lies beneath the table and extends from side to side. At theextreme ends of the shaft are hung two levers u, having upon them, in proper position for taking into the teeth 'of the ratchet, a pawl.

each, as shown atr. Upon the end of each of these levers is a link or connecting-rod w, suspended by lengthened slots, (indicated by the dotted `cross-lines in Figs. S and 9,) and these rods pass through the bed-plate and terminate in a frame ;1;,'as`represented in the several figures. This frame is hinged at pa near the back end and consequently a portion of its weight is sustained by the levers 'u. The frame is raised up my means of a cam (13 upon the main shaft S, but falls by its The feeding up of the column of type can new be readily understood. v As the cam gS lifts w, these latter raise the leVers u and cause the pawls i' to take a next ratchettooth, a's in Fig. 8. The droppin gof the frame ac, as in Fig. 9, turns thepinion t. These, acting upon the rack r", pushing against the crossbar/r', force up the column lof type until the top line strikes the plate Iy. This line must new be elevated totheposition shown in Fig. S. During the time that the line itself is being fed off the frame w is held up in its ele-k Vated position and only drops down at the moment of giving the feed of the column. Itis kept up'by a swinging hanger as, Which performs also the operations of .disengaging the clicks from the ratchet n12. At the lower part of this hanger there is a. notchlrest, upon which the frame a; is 'held' by a supporting The corner of this rest is rounded or beveled, as at is. The hanger extends above the pin b?, upon which it swings, the top ter minating just under theratchet'mz. Therefore it can swing back and forth without interfering with that ratchet. At one side there is a bolt d3, kept constantly pressing upward by a spring e3 at the bottom, and at the back of the hanger there are'two feather-springs g3 and ka; The'spring 71:3 is stifier than the other, and itis only, acted upon periodically', while gi; is constantly tending .to press the top of the hanger forward.

io fi isaw;

- At fs, Figs. l and 5, there is a small wedge attached -to theratchet. This is an important piece, as it effects the unlocking of the parts which cause the feed of `both line and column.

``While the line is being-fed oif, the. hanger as stands-vertically, as in Fig. 8, and is kept in this position by the bolt d3 pressing against the side ef the ratchet mt' By the time the line of type is fed off the wedge fs has arrived at 'the place where the bolt d3 stands. (Best seen in Figs. l and 5.) Continuing on, the wedge strikes the top of said bolt and depresses it below the ratchet, when by the force of the spring 'gsit will be, thrown under. The hanger thus swings so as to bring the supporting-pin h3 on the edge of the inclined plane is. At this part a eross-'barj3 at the top of the hanger (seen best in Figs. 1 and) strikes against the two clicks 92 and 192, the ends of whichproject below the bottom of m2, and the pin 4,-Zt5, sliding down the inclined plane is, move'sthe hanger still'farther, and

`thus effects the disengagenient of the clicks.

The object of the -incline is is for the purpose of assisting the spring 93 by the force derived from the weight of the end of the frame x. The fraine now drops down, as in Fig. 9, and the ratchet mf* flies back by the pull of the coiled spring 02. VVhen it has ,gone far enough to bring the driving end clear of' the line of type, the bolt at the top endof the banger e3 must come from under and take its place again, as in Fig. S.

Upon the ratchet there isianother wedge, which is movable .and may be clamped at diiferent positions. 'It' is shown at ls. As the ratchet flies back, the point of the wedge enters under the spring kg and increases its tension so much as to overcome the force of the lower spring 93. If there were no obstruction, the hanger as would becone perpendicular at once; but it Will be seen that the pin 71.3, Fig. 9, keeps the bolt still under m2; This it must do, because, although the column ofl type has been fed up, the line at the top has ,not been raised into thecha'nnel. The cam (13 now lifts the frane :Jc to a certain height, when it will engage the ends of another and interior frame 03, which will now be carried along with it in its ascent. The engagement is by means of vtwo springs 003, the projecting ends of which rest upon the cross-bar of a, as in Fig. 4. To this latter frame the type-liftingfioor wsis attached by the rods vs, as in Fig. 5. The frames now rise together 'to their full height, and the line ef type is, raisecl vertically from the position shown 'in Fig. 9 to that in Fig. 8. At 'the last part the pin 7143 gets clear of the bottom .of the hanger, and the spring 703,' together with its weight, causes the h'ange'r to fall now into a perpendicular posi-v tion, as in'Fig. 8.V The clicks ,being by that act-re-engaged, the feed of the line'of type immediately commences. It must be understood that the shaft S is in a constant revolution. All these changes have therefore 'taken' place in' a-'nom'eutzfflltwill be observed that .raiscdby the lifting-door.

I ure.

the interior frame o3 is lifted by the springs :1:3 and in most of 'the movinoF arts the connections are, in some form or other, capableof being relieved by springs as safeguards. Thus in Vcase from any cause the types stick too hard togetherto be easily broken from the column, it will be seen that the springs would give -vand thus a breakage be properly avoided. There isa part, however, not yet described, for relievin g the pressure at which the column of type Was left when fed up against the plate 'y. lVhen the column is first fedup, it is not allowed to strike said plate, but strikes 'a movable plate, wlieh is let in from the back, and which is made to protrude beyond the face inside to a very slight degree, but recedin g again so soon as the weight of the frame 00 is taken olf the rack r". Thus the top line can be raised free from obstruction.

In Fig. 15% is a 'horizontal section through the plate y at the place of the insertion of the false plate shown at d3.

At e2 is a slide, with wedge-shaped ends lying behindit.

12, Fig. 5, are two springs attached to d2, tending to pull it backward. Y

d2 is =a standing bar connected with the frame w at one end and 'at the other to Athe slide e2 b v means of a pin ki, whicl plays in a crooked slot in @'2. The baris kept in position by a guide-strap jz, which enbraces it. As the frame .fr drops down, the pin k2 plays along the crookcd'slot liz, moving thereby the sliding bar laterally, and thus bringing the wedge-shaped. ends under the confining-s'traps 92, and then the false plate d2 is thrust forward, so that when the column of type is fed up the .top line will strike against said plate. On raising the frame a; the wcdges on the bar e2 will be withdrawn and the plate d2 will retreat before the line of type -begins A to be Thus when the latter does come into action it Will find the lin'e of type free to rise without friction or press- As each type leaves the advancing end of the line, it is received upon a platform at the right-hand inner corner'of the box containing the indicatingmechanism, which box is placed upon the bed at the position of .X, Fig. l, and isvshown also in detail in Figs. 10 to 18, inclusive. Before the type is taken from this place by a distributing-conveyer the indicators e7, Fig. l2, must be set tQ act properly upon the'indicating-points of that cnveyer. This is' accomplished by a system of sliding barsand leve'r's, which are brought into play by, means of certain nicks cut inthe shank of the type, each type having a certain order of nicks,whereby both their thickness'and their' denominaticns are ascertained by the machine; In Fig. 27 is shown a theory for a complete system of such nicks. These, it will be seen, are divided into .twogroups,andconsistl of incisions or cuts upon the edgeV of each typewitlfin spaces A formed bvcerta'n lnes, of which the upper isara i 181 set are within seven lines and the lower within eight lines,'forming six spaces for the 'upper and seven for the lower. y In the box X there are thirteen thin and nicely-constructed levers supported in a horizontal position, all upon one axis, and are furthermore arranged in groups, so that the projecting ends will coincide with the spaces formed upon the typcs. Six ofthe leverS belong to the upper set of spaces and seven to the lower. These are shown at .z3,-Figs. 13', 14, and'l. In 13 and 14 are top views, and 15 is a side View, a portion of the levers being in dotted lines. All the levers'are held in a frame yg, which' is contained in a chamber formed at the end of the box., A side viewA of yg is given in Fig. 18, the end of the box being removed. The fulcrum-pin ofthese levers is at, which, it will be seen, divides them lengthwise nnequally. The frame has play back and forth in its chamber, and when moved carries the levers with it. At the back end is a graduated stop which, arrests the'movement of the frame in one direction by the tailsof some of the levers striking it. It is 'graduated because theframe must have'greater or less movement,-according to different thicknesses of type. The stop is a plate standing vertically within the-chamber, as seen at cj* in Figs. 13 to 18, inclusive. The edge is notchedlout to form the graduations, asin iFigs. 15, 17, and 18. At the opposite end the frame '3/3 has a. prolongation fromone side with a crossed termination, and Which is so situatedas to close the mouth of the type-channel, and the line of type, therefore, as it is fed vup by the clicks strikes against thispiece, as represented in, Fig. 13. The short ends of the levers za vstand in such position that they' project a little over the edge of the type-'asv it comes up against the frame just in front of them, and as shown in Fig. 13, where a represents the line of type,

audit 'is on that side that the type is nicked, as shownin the reverse View, Fig. 15.

In combination with the levers za, which I call the* type-levels, there is a second set;

btt-hese are right-angled at both ends. They areshown at '114, Figs. 11, 13, and 14, and are `placed on the outside of the indicating-box. lBy Fig. 11 it ,will lbe seen that they are disposed in two groups and cor-respond precisely with the type-levers. 'They have theiraXis at a'. The short right-angled ends enter the side of the box and terminate so as to overlap the type-'le VerS, each' lever having a match type-lever, against Which it presses. pressure is applied by a set of small springs mi, acting upon the projecting tails, as shown at Fig's. 13 and 14. The opposite ends of these levers at fu? also turn inward at a right angle `and are pointed. These pass through the side of thebox, as shown udotted lines. Upon theinsid'e of the box there are two sets of bars lying parallel thereto and .close together, as at pt. The upper 'six belong to the upper 4six lovers ni and helower setpf. sevenbelong to' the like lower set of le-` vshown, and there are fewer of then.

This

vcrs. All o'f them have a notch '114 cut within them, which notchcs stand directly opposite to the points of -wfiaud whiclnwhen engaged, are dctaining-poi'nts. Onthe opposite side'of the box isstillanothcr set of bars, the topmost one 'being seen at 3/4, while the others are represented by r* in Fig. 10, which is a view in elevationof the interior o f13 and 14,. the side 'm. being removed. These bars are spaced farther apart than the others, as These two sets of bars viz., 174 as one and @f and ri as the other are connected together, so that the movements of one set Willbe transmitted to the other by a set ofcross-leve'rs q4, which are pivoted to the topand bottom of the box at their centers;` These levers consist 'of plates extending the whole depth of the box, an edge view of which. i s given in Fig. 10, where they are seen through the bars 014. The bars 194 are connected to the levers by pins which embrace or clamp them on both sides; but the opposite bars y4and-/r4 have but one pin.

Therefore. the levers can act but in one direction against them, being allowed in the other to' go free. There are two barse-one on each side--which act 'upontall the levers-viz., y4`

the end of each lever toward the inside. These two bars are for the purpose of giving motion to all the others and may bc called the prime movers, while 104 and r* may be called the indicating-bars. Bar r", Fig. 11.

connected to bar r' by the leveil r'", Figs. 11

4 and 13, may be called the A-bars, as being -those which set the indicator for that letter.

The sets of bars. 134 are required to be very compact and close together; hence one nece.

sity for transferring their movements to the indicatorsthrough the second set of bars 14, which it will be seen are arranged open and have more freedom. Ihave stated, as an example, that m'ovementof the bar fr", Fig. 11, would move r' onthe opposite side. bars are not connected withl each other throughout in this single manner. On the contrary, some form combinations-as, for instance, amovement of two bars p* may be so connected as to move every alternate one of 'ri. The changes therefore may be very great in number, and such is necessary in order to edect indications for all'the letters. There is a separate'lcver at 104, which connects the two moving` bars i* and 3/4, and in addition to this it als'o acts upon 'all of the bars `r4, while 154 acts upon all the bars. 134. In Fig. 13A is a View of this lever ydetached. On' the side which faces the front of themachine'there is a series of feather-springswt. The free ends of these all press upon the-bars rL-a spring to a bar.

the opposite side.

the lever 104 and moves along 11/4, while the springs mi, pressing upon the pins on ri, those will be llke-wise moved. i Now as the bars ti These t* en gages the lever bya pin* oradepresson, as shown, and -y4 by a like pin on The movement of tf* turns.

vand fy4 move at the giving of'every indication,

while of 714 all are not allowed to move, some being held back, these springs by tleir yielding are to permit of their being so held. In Figs. 13 and 14'* this-is shown, where it will be seen that one of the springs sa* has been held back bythe non-moving of n a bar. Upon each `of the other levers q4 there is a single feather-spring .94, the freev end of'which is projected soA as to be on a line'with the bar tt. .This bar vhas as many pins as there are levers, and these press upon the springs. Thus the movement of the bar t* Would, if unopposed, -move also all the levers. Vhen, however, some are held back, their springs yield, as in the former case, and as seen at s4', Fig. MA, and 84 in that figure is a lever allowed to be carried along by tf. The movements of the bars r'* are 'communicated to the indicators e7 by means of aset of cor1 nectinga'ods. (Shown at a? of Fig. 10.) The vertical levers ze, attached to the side plate m of the box, (which plate is omitted in Fig. 10,) connect the bars r* with the rods d7, as shown, and these latter are connected to as many short arms b7, Fig. 12, to which the different indicators are attached in a manner already describ'ed. In Fig. 10 the three upper bars have been acted upon. These have withdrawn three connecting-rods d7; and accordingly three of the lowest of the indicators have been projected through the excavated ring mr), as shown.. The line of type stands in it s channel with that side which has the indicatingnicks`facing the front of the machine, as at a in Fig. 15, which is a section through Y Z of Figs. 13 and 14.. As the feeding-click forces the .line along, the' head type pushes,

against the frame ys, Fig. 13, driving that be- 'fo'e 'it. The type now enters the box and `rests upon aba'se', asin Fig. ll, at a. In this position the short ends of the set of levers .e3

are in front and lap upon the type. The cam, 05 -ret-reats from under the levers 07.4, and

these in turn press by their inner ends 'upon the levers za, causing then all to be driven against the edge -of lthe type. Those leversv which stand opposite to any nick sink in, thus allowing the points UI* ef their match-levers to enter the notches e4 of their appropriate bars, while all those resting against the plain edge of the type' are held back. Here comes in the arrangement to regulate the feed for thickness,-because no more than one type at a'time must be admitted to the box, and as a very thin space may be followed by the thickest type the necessity for a varying feed is obvious, as otherwise there would be at once a deran'gement of parts. This feeding in of type of differing thicknesses upon the base aI is managed. by the stop c4,f.o'r, by the sinking in'of some 'oneof the Tleversf'ziiin the top set, its tail will be-made fto' stand directly in the way of that stop, as seen ;in Fig. 13, and the frame 3/3' will be arrested in its movement by said tailv striking the stop.4 In Figs. '17 and 18 a profile of thestop c* isgiven, vand by the notches upon it it will be seen that the frame may move farther' before some of the levers will strike'than others. Thus a nick at the top of the type will move a lever at the top. Opposite to this on4 the stop is a notch of a certain depth equivalent to the Athicknes; 'of some one type. The .next notch may be deeper still, and would allow a farthe movement of the'frame', and of course this would admit a thicker type upon lthe base. In the nextplace itvwill be seen how these nicks are made to affect the indicators. Some one or more levers in .the lower set will sink into a nick or nicks at that partof the type.

As the crooked levers ni* all press upon zswhen any of them move, similar ones in that set will'also move. In all the sliding bars pt there are notches cutat 114, 'so that when any of these levers move the pointed ends ut on or* will drop into these notches. As, for instance, suppose there are six nicks in a type, six of the erooked levers wi-ll be allowed to to move by reason of a movement of a like number of 53 dropping into these six nicks of the type, and a like number of points ui* -will drop into the notches fu4 of as many different bars. Now, When the driving-bar t* moves, six of the bars *114 will be detained. Consequently only as many levers can move as are required for making the proper combination' for indicating the letter, and in Fig. 10 it will be seen that six of 'the bars 1'4 have been held back, while the others are allowed move, (the bar i/4, as already stated, moving at every indicatiom) and thus the indicators in the excavated ring are set. 4These movements of the barsare caused by a power derived from a set of cams and pins placed upon a vertical shaft jl, Which has a vibratory or rock-shaft motion.- This motion isv regularly given in a' proper manner and in time by a cam upon one of the cross-shafts beneath the bed,'as seen at 122 in Fig. 4. This cam actuates a lever a', Figs. 4 'and 10, and w is a stop-brought into play by moving fu. Fig.A 1. It-catches the tail of the lever and prevents it from vibrat` ingwhen'engaged. Theffirst cam isat the top upon awheel, as at e5, Figs. 10, 13, and 14.

This moves apiece (shown in as, Figs. 11 and 16) the end of which -stands directly over a type when in the box, and that end is allowed. to come down upon the type by the force of a spring d5 as the former is fed in. The objectv of this is. to insure that the type shall stand solidly upon the base, for that forms a gage whereby 'all 'the nicks are sure to stand opposite to their proper levers. Before the' type is discharged the cam-piece e5 comes un- 'der an arm on the cross-piece, by which a? ishinged, and raises it, vas shown. n

At z* is a pin, which strikes against the bar @14, andby driving thatbar returns all the levers and bars of both sets and on both sides to their 'a starting position, as seen in Fig 14, where all` the pin's are in action; On the.4 side ofV the wheel opposite to this'pin is a 'segment work-'- for thrustingthc type into the grippers of the conveyers. In Fig. 13 it ,is seen withdrawn and in Fig. 14 pushed forward, having 'dischargcd a type. The cnd of this is forked, as in ki, Figs. 17 and 18, and strikes the type in three places, so as to push it oft' squarely upon the conveyer. -Lower down' on 7'4 at jy, Fig. 10, is another wheel, and on the side of this, as in dotted lines, Fig. ll, also seen `in 1-t^, i s a pin which strikes against the driving-bar ti, `and is the power to drive all the levers and bars when setting the indicators, as .e4 operates to return them after such action. Upon j is another cam, (not seen,) as it is onl the opposite side, but which vibrates a piece which lifts all the points us out of the notches ri; That piece isa post standing' vertcally, upon which are two toes, one 05,.

Figs. V11 and 14, being at the top and the otheo4 at the bottom. 05 stands between theV levers nt and the outside of the box, while the end of the toe 04, extending into the box, is acted upon by thecam on js. In Fig. 14. o" is in action, having lifted w* out of 124. In Fig. 13 its toe`o5 has retreated, thus allowing the levers to 'act. There are certain pieces which must always return with accuracy to a given position, and of these the frame pa is one, for the least -play here might falsify the setting. i I provide, however, both for free- `dom and accuracyto this, as follows: For accuracy the inner side is made always to face and keep in contact with the inner end plate ofthe box, efiected by a spring brought into action to pressl it up .just before a feed of type takes place, and for freedom the pressure is taken off at the time the frame returns. The spring is shown at ft, Figs. 13 andlfll. It does not press directly upon, the frame, but acts upon'a small bell-crank e4,- (seenin dot- -ted lines,) one end of which comes through a hole inthe-division-plate and presses upon 'ys. The end of theicrank through this hole is seen at e4, Fig. 1 7. The other end or tail is for lifting the crank o'f, and is acted upon by a pin Z4 beneath the top wheel of j4. In Fig. 13 this piece is shown in action pressing upon the side .of ,ji/3.v In that position ,the 'type is just being fed in, and then it is most necessary that these parts have an accurate ,'adjustnent.` When the type has been discharged, the frame immediately returns and is driven back by a spring d4, Figs. 15, 17 and 18, previous'to which action the friction producedby the pressure of e4 is taken on, as seen in Fig. 14, thus allowing the frame and .its set of .Ievers to be carried back easily. There is onetype which has no indicatingnick' upon it and is not to be deposited within the regular cases, as it belongs to the cup N, Fig. 1. This is the thin space, and it is always set in the linewhen Wanted by the hand of the compositor. XVhen this presents itself to be distributed, the indicating-levers do not act, and it requires,therefore; a special stop to check the feed at the rightdistance. This stop is a. small lever (4, hinged to the frame atv hi. plate, and it isas deep as the wlole set of A side View of it is that of a indicat-ing-levers, as seen at 94, Figs. 15 and 15%. Vi' henl therefore, these latter do not act, (which is when the 'aforcsaid -type without nicks approaches) the stop gi will come into play, as exhibited in Fig. 14; but when these levers act this is pushed to one side, escaping the .stop altogether, as in Fig. 13, wherein g* is shown in dotted line, the pin Zi acting upon it to putit into position by the intervention of the secondary piece it, as shown. As this secondary piece imparts the movement to bring this special stop into action, there must be at every feed of type a provision to relieve the 'graduated stop 04 itself, because when not .in act-ion, as before remarked, the end 94 Will lie at the side of the stop e4, so that when the pin l4 comes into play the force would be received upon the stopandbreak it were it'notable to yield' c4 has therefore some lateral play allowed it, and Areacts against a spring shown at c in F igs. 16, 13, and 14. The piece g4 also moves back the levers z8 to the position shown in Fig. 14. after the discharge of each type.

The third head of the composing or typesett-ing mechanism .will now be described. The figures used will be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, '25,26, 33, 34., and 35. The front left-hand half of the table, Fig. 1, is devoted to the'parts operated by the compositor, and is also'the place where the type is received and formed into column. At the back of this table is the .receiving-channel, where thetype is deliv-- ered by the setting-conveyers and forms along line, as at f. The channel terminates at the top of the -galley M, upon which' a column of type is represented in process of formation. .This galley has one fixedside and one novable z", which may be set to different distances from the other for different.

widths of columns.

At e10 is a follower for pushing down the column after a line has been received. This is operated by a handle bw, Figs.v 1, 5, and 6, by which a short vibration is given to it.

At fm, same figures, is a gage for measuring the length. of line necessary to go across the page. This isa wedge fixed by-'an up-` right to a bar gm, along which it can slide and be set by 'a screw, and this wedge can be pushed back out of the way of the line of type. The compositor divides the line fwith athin metal plate and pushes it along until itstrikes the end of em, which `closes the end of the channel after it has pushed down the column, and. then the distance from that end to the gage flo is the same as the width of the column. He non7 pushes e1 back and carries on the type (separated by bringing the wedge of fl? into the line) until it strikes against e0, and the column is then pushed down thatdistance by @1-0, as before.

At L is the table ofl indicating-keys, a sec-. tional view of which is given in Fig. 3. These vconnect by means of a system of levers and 1'4 I isa-75 vers, which connect the keys With the nine indicators; but as there are a much greater number of keys than of indicators, of course these latter act to form combinations of movenents, andthese, calculated by vthe rule for permutation upon nine places of figures, would be ample for the most extensive alphabets or characters of any known language. The keys, as shown, are pins, with buttons on top for the convenience of fingeri'ng. The

pins pass through holesv in the table, Which loles are arranged in a regular order, so as to form parallel rows, as shown in Fig. 1, each pin acting upona small cranked levercf), Fig. 3. Beneath these lines is a series of sliding bars ZfJ-a bar vto eacl lever. and key. These, in consequence of their number and the space they occupy, must be very thin, and are most conveniently made of strips of steel. They are arranged in a rack formed by the plates hw, as in Fig. ALA. I

Upon the top of each bar there is a single ;projecting pin, against which the cranked leyers aifstrike, these pins being in a' different situation, according to the position' of the with the nine indicators in the cxcavated ring,

and as has already been described at Ie7 of Fig. 12. Thus, when the key Which acts upon this slide is pressed down, all the indicators would be set also; if the key which acts upon .the slidet'f', Figonly twoindicato'rs would be moved--viz., the top and bottom oneswhile 'with the next slide three consecutive levers would be moved, 'as' also seen in action 'at e9, Fig. 3. There are nine lcvers d9, shaped as shown in Fig. 35. They have afulcrum or axis, the top half of the lever being a blade, while the lower half 'is simply an arm placed near one ext-remity ofthe axis; but as each of these arms connects with one end ofone of the trackers e9,`which lead off to theeenter of the machine at right angles, the arms cannot be placedl equally near the end, as otherwise the traekers Aculd not be engaged. These latter lie beneath the bed of the machine, and their position is seen in the plan View of said bed cranks and keys. Upon the under side there` in Fig. 4, wherein' the ends o'fthe levers da will be seen engaged, and which will sufficiently explain their arrangement upon the axes,as above referred to. It will be seen vthat the whole row of slides b9 lie across the top of the levers tl and at right angles toA them. Thus any slide can be made to act upon as manylevers as may be required for effect ing movements in the indicators, according to the position of thepins i t' or o 0.'

Of theone hundred and nineteen keys represented in the drawings,each one col-responds I to a type of a different name or character. Thus the indieations must be obtained by variously-combinedmovementsoftheninelevers d9. The trackers terminate at their other ends in a second set of levers, (seen at fg, Figs. 2, 25, and 26,). and shaped as in the detached view, are Fig. 26^. Embracing their lower half is a swing-frame ns, Fig. 26, the bottom of which is' constantly kept pressing against the lower ends of the levers fii. This frame pulls the levers back after having been acted upon by the trackers. The tops. of f9 are beveled, as shown, for the purpose of transmittin g motion to a third set of levers g?, which stand at right angles thereto, one of the ends resting at the bottom of the beveled top of eacl lever, as in Fig. 26% Thus by pulling e", as shown in said figure, g'J will be raised by sliding along the inclined top. The levers (19 form the conncct ing-links for carrying on the motion of the keys to the register-levers-seen at hi".

` It has been stated that the eompositor could compose .ahead of the-operation of thema- .working and yet have the letters so in'dicated delivered without any further attention on his part. I will nowdescribe the parts whereby this is accomplished. The movement of the-' keys does not directly effect the set of the indicators, but operates instead upon what I call a register-wheel, so contrivcd that a considerable number of signs or letters can be,- as it were, recorded uponl it. The revolution of the register brings these successively to act upon't'the indicators in time to effeet the set of the indicating-point-s upon the next approaching .conveyer. The register is composed of twov broad rings, one of less diameter than the other, but both of the same breadth. The smaller is placed within, thus having an annular space between. The outer ring is represented at the -lettcr R, '(marked -u on the cross-arms s iacing` the to J Fivs. 1' p 7 a Q 2, 3, 25, and 26. -Figs. 2 and 3 are in section in the machine, and Fig. 26a separate sec-l tional view enlarged. In Fig.l is a top View, as seen inthe machine, and Fig. 25 a like View detached and enlarged. The 'inner ring is represented at 009. Through both rings is made a series of small holes, each hole inthe one being directlyv opposite to a holein the 

